Southport attack: Did social media fan the flames of riot? (2024)

Southport attack: Did social media fan the flames of riot? (1)Southport attack: Did social media fan the flames of riot? (2)Getty Images

It’s become a familiar pattern of events: a violent, terrifying attack unfolds, innocent people are killed, and social media is set alight with unfounded - and often incorrect - accusations about the assailant's identity and what the motivation was.

Think back to the stabbing attacks in Sydney earlier this year, falsely blamed on a Jewish student, or even the assassination attempt on Donald Trump in July.

It’s the same with Monday’s attack on a children’s holiday dance and yoga session in Southport, England.

A false name - attributed to the 17-year-old accused of killing three little girls as well as injuring eight other children and two adults - spread like wildfire across X, formerly known as Twitter.

The BBC is not repeating the false name here to avoid spreading misinformation. Media organisations cannot give the suspect's real name for legal reasons, but Merseyside Police have said the name shared on social media is incorrect.

Nevertheless, posts on X sharing the fake name were actively promoted to users and racked up millions of views.

Just as with the Sydney attacks and the attempted shooting of Mr Trump, X was the focal point for untrue claims before they spilled onto other sites.

Southport attack: Did social media fan the flames of riot? (3)Southport attack: Did social media fan the flames of riot? (4)Getty Images

It wasn’t just this fake name either. There were false claims the attacker was a refugee who arrived in the UK by boat in 2023 and unfounded speculation he is Muslim. Some of these posts were accompanied by Islamophobic and racist hate.

Merseyside Police have confirmed that the 17-year-old they have arrested was born in Cardiff to Rwandan parents, that he appears to have no known links to Islam, and that they are not currently investigating the attack as terror-related.

This all contradicts lots of these claims - but it didn’t stop them poisoning an already toxic online atmosphere.

So did these false and unfounded social media posts fan the flames of unrest in Southport?

There are lots of different factors contributing to the riot - led by protesters who expressed anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim views - not just social media.

After all, protests and violence like this long predate the existence of the internet. Everything from political rhetoric, racism and wider anger about immigration to questions about government and police transparency and timing likely played a part.

The fact that some of those at the rally decided to target Southport Mosque suggests that they may have been influenced by the unfounded online accusations that this had been an Islamist terror attack. The police themselves pointed to disinformation online as playing a part in the violence.

There was discussion of the rally on regional anti-immigration channels on the Telegram app. Protest movements are often organised in closed chat groups we can’t access.

But false and unfounded claims about the attack expanded beyond the usual online spaces where these kinds of protests are organised.

Content being seen by millions of X users, rather than just the fringes of social media, could also normalise some of the hate being pushed.

Some of those amplifying these ideas included prominent political commentators and politicians. Others were less well-known, but with a reputation for promoting evidence-free conspiracy theories.

Southport attack: Did social media fan the flames of riot? (5)Southport attack: Did social media fan the flames of riot? (6)PA Media

Many of these accounts have purchased blue ticks, which means their posts feature more prominently on others' feeds. They are based all around the world too, with several right-leaning American profiles boasting hundreds of thousands of followers becoming very involved.

They reshared variations of the false claims, using them to push anti-immigration views and ideas. That was in turn met by backlash denouncing the speculation - which also racked millions of views, but proportionally less than the original claims.

Because the issue was picking up so much engagement, it was promoted further by X's algorithm, so that my own feed and those of several others who reached out to me were dominated with these posts as soon as they logged on to their X accounts.

Some of the false claims seemed to originate not from these prominent political commentators or known conspiracy accounts though, but from anonymous profiles and pseudo-news accounts.

Among the first accounts to share the false name, for example, was Channel 3 Now, which purports to be a legitimate news outlet, but whose origins are very unclear. The social media profiles belonging to the channel suggest it is based in the US or Pakistan, with little information about who actually works for the site.

The site has since issued a “sincere apology and correction” following their article and posts, which says “we deeply regret any confusion or inconvenience this may have caused” and admitted their content was “not accurate”. They have not replied directly to the BBC’s questions.

Other profiles - not using real names or images - copy-and-pasted the fake name to their own timelines across different, separate accounts to share the claim more widely.

Some of these profiles seemed to belong to real users based in the UK, but others sharing this had the hallmarks of inauthentic accounts. These accounts can be automated or run by groups aiming to manipulate the online debate, and have a track record of posting only divisive content about issues like immigration.

Southport attack: Did social media fan the flames of riot? (7)Southport attack: Did social media fan the flames of riot? (8)EPA

This isn’t just about pushing political agendas, either. Tragedies like this can also be exploited online to accumulate likes, views and follows - which in turn can be monetised.

X has again been a focal point of this online frenzy, since the platform began allowing its paid blue-tick users to earn a portion of ad revenue for their posts.

Their posts are more likely to be recommended on people's feeds, and they may be incentivised to post more controversial or sensational content to boost their views.

This all seems to have had an effect on how attacks such as Southport are discussed in the hours and days after they have happened, since these kinds of frenzies are becoming more frequent and intense since the changes to X.

On top of this, since Elon Musk took over the social media company, he has changed how it moderates false and hateful content - sacking dozens of employees who worked in these areas and introducing new measures like community notes provided by users to fact-check posts.

X has not responded to the BBC’s request for comment. The social media company says publicly that it defends and protects users’ voices on the site.

And while this is about a whole lot more than a tidal wave of social media posts, it's yet more evidence of the way the online world can inflame pre-existing tensions in the real world.

And that's a world where three little girls have had their lives cut short.

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Southport attack: Did social media fan the flames of riot? (2024)

FAQs

Southport attack: Did social media fan the flames of riot? ›

The fact that some of those at the rally decided to target Southport Mosque suggests that they may have been influenced by the unfounded online accusations that this had been an Islamist terror attack. The police themselves pointed to disinformation online as playing a part in the violence.

What started the riots in Southport? ›

The riots began in Southport last Tuesday - a day after three girls were killed in a knife attack in the Merseyside town. Groups of people, many from outside the town, hurled bricks at police and a local mosque, set fires and threw bottles, with more than 50 officers injured.

What caused the Southport riot? ›

As families mourned the death of three young girls killed in a knife attack at a Taylor Swift-themed dance class in Southport, riots broke out stoked by disinformation about the suspect's identity.

Why did the swing riots happen? ›

Prompted by a decline in the prices of agricultural produce and wages, the introduction of threshing machines, and an influx of Irish labour, the rioters wished to restore their standard of living. Most of the 'Swing Riots' took place in rural south and south east England, but some took place elsewhere.

What caused the riots in the 1960s? ›

Pervasive racism, socioeconomic inequality, and police brutality were most commonly the cause of riots in the 1960s. While the Civil Rights Act passed in 1964, desegregation was slow to occur and fought against in many cities across the country.

Who was the suspect in Southport? ›

Suspect named as Axel Muganwa Rudakubana

We can now report that the 17-year-old charged with three counts of murder is Axel Muganwa Rudakubana, born 7 August 2006.

How many police were injured in Southport? ›

The Merseyside chief constable, Serena Kennedy, said the five were arrested in connection with riots in which 53 police officers were injured – 49 from Merseyside police and four from Lancashire. Three police dogs, Zoe, Ike and Quga, were also hurt.

What caused the riot in 2005? ›

The riots were triggered by an event the previous Sunday, when an altercation turned physical between a group of youths of Middle Eastern appearance (referred to as "Lebanese" or "Lebs" by their opponents) and White Australian lifeguards on the beach.

What started the riot in Charleston SC? ›

The Charleston riot of 1919 started about 10 p.m. on Saturday, May 10, 1919, and ended after midnight. It began when five white sailors felt they had been cheated by a black man and, unable to find him, attacked African Americans at random.

What was the main cause of the 1948 riots? ›

28 February march and riot

The march on 28 February 1948 was a peaceful attempt by former soldiers to bring a petition to the Governor of the Gold Coast requesting the dispensation of promised pensions and other compensation for their efforts during the war.

What was the initial cause of the Watts riots? ›

The immediate cause of the disturbances was the arrest of an African American man, Marquette Frye, by a white California Highway Patrol officer on suspicion of driving while intoxicated.

Has the Southport attacker been named? ›

A 17-year-old charged with murdering three girls who were stabbed at a Taylor Swift-themed dance class in Southport has been named. Axel Muganwa Rudakubana is also charged with 10 counts of attempted murder after eight other children and two adults were seriously injured in the attack on Monday.

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